Queries · q102 · Chief Information Security Officer · week 1, night 1
“Which roles across our merchants carry the most permissions, how many users currently hold each role, and how many of those users look dormant (no recent login) — a first read on access-governance hygiene?”
Fictional people at a fictional company, each played by a language-model agent. Who they are and what they are told
The manager, at the start of week 1
Subject: Where I'd like your help first — account security snapshot
Hi Noah,
Good to have you working with me this week. I'm still building my mental map of the business, so let's start broad and sharpen later. Here's what's on my mind, roughly in priority order:
What I need this for: I'm walking into enterprise deals where security questionnaires will ask us point-blank about authentication strength, access governance, credential hygiene, and auditability. I need an honest, evidence-based picture — good or bad — so I can brief the CEO and sales on what we can credibly claim today versus what needs fixing before the next review cycle.
Given the slot budget, let's pick whichever 3 of these will give us the most defensible starting picture this week, and we can go deeper on the rest next week.
Thanks, Henrik
The analyst · week 1, night 1, request 3 of 3
Henrik flagged 5 areas but asked us to pick the 3 that give the most defensible starting picture this week, saving the rest for next week. I'm starting with his top 3 stated priorities (sign-in security baseline, MFA posture, privileged access hygiene) and deliberately deferring API-key/service-account hygiene and audit-trail completeness to night 2+, since those depend on first understanding how identity and access actually work here (systems view: authentication -> MFA -> authorization all feed each other; keys/audit are downstream concerns I'll size up once I see how messy or clean the core picture is).
Report 1 establishes a platform-wide time baseline for login behavior so any later "spike" claims have something to compare against. Report 2 gives a per-merchant MFA adoption view, ordered to surface the worst gaps first since that's the actionable finding for a security head walking into enterprise reviews. Report 3 looks at role/permission grants per merchant to see how concentrated and stale ("dormant") privileged access is — the classic access-governance audit question. All three are single-grain, independent, and should each stand on their own without needing follow-up queries to simply read.
The engineer · 1 dry run on the empty schema, then the submission
WITH role_perm_counts AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS permission_count FROM role_permissions GROUP BY role_id ), role_users AS ( SELECT ur.role_id, u.id AS user_id, u.status, u.last_login_at FROM user_roles ur JOIN users u ON u.id = ur.user_id AND u.tenant_id = ur.tenant_id WHERE u.deleted_at IS NULL ), role_user_agg AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS users_assigned, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active') AS users_active, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active' AND (last_login_at IS NULL OR last_login_at < DATE '2025-10-05')) AS users_dormant, MAX(last_login_at) AS most_recent_login FROM role_users GROUP BY role_id ) SELECT t.name AS tenant_name, r.name AS role_name, r.is_system, rpc.permission_count, rua.users_assigned, rua.users_active, rua.users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login, COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_qualifying_roles FROM roles r JOIN tenants t ON t.id = r.tenant_id JOIN role_perm_counts rpc ON rpc.role_id = r.id JOIN role_user_agg rua ON rua.role_id = r.id ORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC, rua.users_assigned DESC, t.name, r.name LIMIT 50
“Query compiles cleanly with the expected columns. Submitting.”
“Submitted. The report returns one row per tenant/role (roles with at least one permission and one currently-assigned, non-deleted user), ordered by permission count then assignment count, with tenant/role as final tie-breaks, capped at 50 rows. I included a total_qualifying_roles window-function column so Noah can see the full population size without needing a separate count query.”
As Noah Fischer saw it, from the small dataset the agents worked on
tenant_name | role_name | is_system | permission_count | users_assigned | users_active | users_dormant | most_recent_login | total_qualifying_roles ------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------------------+----------------+--------------+---------------+----------------------------+----------------------- Ampfeld Elektronik | Owner | true | 26 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2025-12-31 07:08:19.175557 | 434 Cragsley Outfitters | Owner | true | 26 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2025-12-31 14:00:26.683942 | 434 Marrowby & Vane | Owner | true | 26 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2025-12-26 07:41:36.208017 | 434 Alpine Loft | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-23 14:06:49.18011 | 434 Ampere & Co. | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-25 08:48:33.910648 | 434 Atelier Nouveau | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 08:34:38.260986 | 434 Aurum & Ash | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2024-12-26 09:20:33.907508 | 434 Ballycorran Industrial Supply | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-15 09:55:50.106232 | 434 Barkley & Co. | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 08:57:42.128574 | 434 Basecamp Nord | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 07:38:51.397011 | 434 Bijoux Lune | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 08:21:16.785713 | 434 Brennquell Kaffee | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 06:04:23.969469 | 434 Brewline Coffee | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-19 08:38:46.510976 | 434 Brick & Bobbin | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 08:48:23.696749 | 434 Buchstabe | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 08:01:15.575688 | 434 Bytefield | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 07:59:26.126407 | 434 Castell Fasteners | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-05 16:09:06.418974 | 434 Chocolaterie Mireille | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-23 06:03:42.60224 | 434 Cinder Peak Sports Co. | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-26 17:55:00.698728 | 434 Circuit Harbor | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-18 08:45:47.693554 | 434 Coastline Interiors | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 06:40:46.358964 | 434 Copper Lane | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 15:41:24.665014 | 434 Courtside Collective | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 07:18:11.26492 | 434 Deskline Supplies | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 07:41:34.360103 | 434 Dewdrop Studio | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-10-09 09:44:11.78363 | 434 Driftwood Home | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 06:34:26.176787 | 434 Feather & Fin | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-21 15:01:20.730905 | 434 Fell & Fjell | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 06:33:59.909025 | 434 Fennel & Flint | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 10:30:00.904438 | 434 Fern & Fable | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 09:50:07.404579 | 434 Fjordline Wear | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-24 07:08:21.240599 | 434 Folio & Fern | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-25 07:53:09.345969 | 434 Glasshouse Grooming | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-29 17:09:48.066091 | 434 Goldkind | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-24 08:49:57.98021 | 434 Gratlinie Outdoor | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 08:18:14.474838 | 434 Greyfriars Supply | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 12:33:46.367033 | 434 Grind Collective | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-22 07:03:34.101547 | 434 Halden Boots | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2025-10-03 08:05:13.116482 | 434 Hanse Industriebedarf | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-26 07:52:54.846781 | 434 Harbour Swim | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 07:59:41.720572 | 434 Hautnah | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-19 07:02:22.875747 | 434 Haven Linen | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-28 08:22:05.259461 | 434 Honeycomb Larder | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-29 15:14:47.363465 | 434 Hound Hamper | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-30 09:06:03.997591 | 434 Hus & Hem | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 07:45:02.163092 | 434 Inkwell & Quire | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-12 08:45:44.918052 | 434 Juniper Apothecary | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-24 07:13:45.060943 | 434 Kabelwerk | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-26 08:47:56.890307 | 434 Kaffeekontor Nord | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-31 09:24:55.839162 | 434 Kayak Corner | Owner | true | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2025-12-29 08:22:47.288399 | 434 (50 rows)
The memo and the queries that followed; links found by title, so inferred
Later queries that build on this report:
Changed only where the benchmark needs the same result on every system
WITH role_perm_counts AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS permission_count FROM role_permissions GROUP BY role_id),role_users AS ( SELECT ur.role_id, SELECT ur.role_id AS role_id, u.id AS user_id, u.status, u.last_login_at u.status AS status, u.last_login_at AS last_login_at FROM user_roles ur JOIN users u ON u.id = ur.user_id AND u.tenant_id = ur.tenant_id WHERE u.deleted_at IS NULL),role_user_agg AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS users_assigned, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active') AS users_active, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active' AND (last_login_at IS NULL OR last_login_at < DATE '2025-10-05')) AS users_dormant, MAX(last_login_at) AS most_recent_login FROM role_users GROUP BY role_id)SELECT t.name AS tenant_name, r.name AS role_name, r.is_system, rpc.permission_count, rua.users_assigned, rua.users_active, rua.users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login, r.is_system AS is_system, rpc.permission_count AS permission_count, rua.users_assigned AS users_assigned, rua.users_active AS users_active, rua.users_dormant AS users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login AS most_recent_login, COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_qualifying_rolesFROM roles rJOIN tenants t ON t.id = r.tenant_idJOIN role_perm_counts rpc ON rpc.role_id = r.idJOIN role_user_agg rua ON rua.role_id = r.idORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC, rua.users_assigned DESC, t.name, r.nameLIMIT 50ORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC NULLS FIRST, rua.users_assigned DESC NULLS FIRST, t.name NULLS LAST, r.name NULLS LAST, r.id NULLS LAST{{fetch_first(50)}}
WITH role_perm_counts AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS permission_count FROM role_permissions GROUP BY role_id ), role_users AS ( SELECT ur.role_id AS role_id, u.id AS user_id, u.status AS status, u.last_login_at AS last_login_at FROM user_roles ur JOIN users u ON u.id = ur.user_id AND u.tenant_id = ur.tenant_id WHERE u.deleted_at IS NULL ), role_user_agg AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS users_assigned, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active') AS users_active, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active' AND (last_login_at IS NULL OR last_login_at < DATE '2025-10-05')) AS users_dormant, MAX(last_login_at) AS most_recent_login FROM role_users GROUP BY role_id ) SELECT t.name AS tenant_name, r.name AS role_name, r.is_system AS is_system, rpc.permission_count AS permission_count, rua.users_assigned AS users_assigned, rua.users_active AS users_active, rua.users_dormant AS users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login AS most_recent_login, COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_qualifying_roles FROM roles r JOIN tenants t ON t.id = r.tenant_id JOIN role_perm_counts rpc ON rpc.role_id = r.id JOIN role_user_agg rua ON rua.role_id = r.id ORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC NULLS FIRST, rua.users_assigned DESC NULLS FIRST, t.name NULLS LAST, r.name NULLS LAST, r.id NULLS LAST FETCH FIRST 50 ROWS ONLY
WITH role_perm_counts AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS permission_count FROM role_permissions GROUP BY role_id ), role_users AS ( SELECT ur.role_id AS role_id, u.id AS user_id, u.status AS status, u.last_login_at AS last_login_at FROM user_roles ur JOIN users u ON u.id = ur.user_id AND u.tenant_id = ur.tenant_id WHERE u.deleted_at IS NULL ), role_user_agg AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS users_assigned, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active') AS users_active, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active' AND (last_login_at IS NULL OR last_login_at < DATE '2025-10-05')) AS users_dormant, MAX(last_login_at) AS most_recent_login FROM role_users GROUP BY role_id ) SELECT t.name AS tenant_name, r.name AS role_name, r.is_system AS is_system, rpc.permission_count AS permission_count, rua.users_assigned AS users_assigned, rua.users_active AS users_active, rua.users_dormant AS users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login AS most_recent_login, COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_qualifying_roles FROM roles r JOIN tenants t ON t.id = r.tenant_id JOIN role_perm_counts rpc ON rpc.role_id = r.id JOIN role_user_agg rua ON rua.role_id = r.id ORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC NULLS FIRST, rua.users_assigned DESC NULLS FIRST, t.name NULLS LAST, r.name NULLS LAST, r.id NULLS LAST LIMIT 50
The agents' own records, as the role play wrote them; only the personal data of the person who ran it is redacted
Report request from Noah Fischer (analyst for the Chief Information Security Officer): Title: Privileged roles per merchant: grant size and dormancy Question: Which roles across our merchants carry the most permissions, how many users currently hold each role, and how many of those users look dormant (no recent login) — a first read on access-governance hygiene? Grain: one row per tenant and role Columns: - tenant name - role name - is_system role (built-in vs custom) - permission count granted to role - users currently assigned this role (via user_roles) - of those, users with status = active - of those, users dormant (status = active but last_login_at is null or before 2025-10-05, i.e. no login in the trailing ~90 days) - most recent last_login_at among assigned users Details: Source: roles joined to tenants; role_permissions grouped by role_id for permission count; user_roles joined to users for assignment counts and last_login_at. Exclude soft-deleted users (users.deleted_at is null). 'Dormant' = users.status = 'active' and (last_login_at is null or last_login_at < 2025-10-05, i.e. no login in the 90 days before the data cutoff 2025-12-31). Only include roles that have at least 1 permission and at least 1 assigned user (skip empty/unused roles for this first pass). Order by permission count descending, then users assigned descending, then tenant name, then role name as the final tie-break, capped at 50 rows — note how many qualifying role rows exist in total. Check your query with the warehouse's dry_run tool, then hand it in with submit.
dry_runWITH role_perm_counts AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS permission_count FROM role_permissions GROUP BY role_id ), role_users AS ( SELECT ur.role_id, u.id AS user_id, u.status, u.last_login_at FROM user_roles ur JOIN users u ON u.id = ur.user_id AND u.tenant_id = ur.tenant_id WHERE u.deleted_at IS NULL ), role_user_agg AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS users_assigned, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active') AS users_active, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active' AND (last_login_at IS NULL OR last_login_at < DATE '2025-10-05')) AS users_dormant, MAX(last_login_at) AS most_recent_login FROM role_users GROUP BY role_id ) SELECT t.name AS tenant_name, r.name AS role_name, r.is_system, rpc.permission_count, rua.users_assigned, rua.users_active, rua.users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login, COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_qualifying_roles FROM roles r JOIN tenants t ON t.id = r.tenant_id JOIN role_perm_counts rpc ON rpc.role_id = r.id JOIN role_user_agg rua ON rua.role_id = r.id ORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC, rua.users_assigned DESC, t.name, r.name LIMIT 50
STATUS: COMPILES (dry run on the empty schema, no data read) COLUMNS: tenant_name, role_name, is_system, permission_count, users_assigned, users_active, users_dormant, most_recent_login, total_qualifying_roles
submitWITH role_perm_counts AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS permission_count FROM role_permissions GROUP BY role_id ), role_users AS ( SELECT ur.role_id, u.id AS user_id, u.status, u.last_login_at FROM user_roles ur JOIN users u ON u.id = ur.user_id AND u.tenant_id = ur.tenant_id WHERE u.deleted_at IS NULL ), role_user_agg AS ( SELECT role_id, COUNT(*) AS users_assigned, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active') AS users_active, COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE status = 'active' AND (last_login_at IS NULL OR last_login_at < DATE '2025-10-05')) AS users_dormant, MAX(last_login_at) AS most_recent_login FROM role_users GROUP BY role_id ) SELECT t.name AS tenant_name, r.name AS role_name, r.is_system, rpc.permission_count, rua.users_assigned, rua.users_active, rua.users_dormant, rua.most_recent_login, COUNT(*) OVER () AS total_qualifying_roles FROM roles r JOIN tenants t ON t.id = r.tenant_id JOIN role_perm_counts rpc ON rpc.role_id = r.id JOIN role_user_agg rua ON rua.role_id = r.id ORDER BY rpc.permission_count DESC, rua.users_assigned DESC, t.name, r.name LIMIT 50
Submitted to tonight's batch. Your work on this request is done.